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Hawken highlights the incredible amount of energy the worldwide economy uses in a day, which required 13,000 years for the planet to create. He introduces the concept of  net primary production (NPP), which he defines as the sum of all photosynthetic production minus the energy required to maintain and support those organisms. Humans, he estimates, use more than 40% of the total NPP on land. He also says that it is unclear whether, as human population increases, the planet's ecosystems will be able to survive the rapid depletion of its natural resources.

He also addresses the fact that humans are a wasteful species, consuming 36 pounds each of resources a week which requires an additional 2,000 pounds of waste to produce. In the U.S. alone, there are an estimated 90,000 hazardous waste sites, producing unknown impact on human, plant, and animal health that cannot be measured but is clearly not positive.